Some of the online documentation for math.ufl.edu

This page was last modified on April 12, 1997

Table of Contents

Instructions

Page through this document by using the mouse in the vertical scrollbar on the right or by touching the spacebar to go down and the delete key to go up within the page.

Select a menu item by pointing at the underlined word or phrase and clicking the left mouse button.

You can back up to your previous page by touching the `b' key in some browsers, selecting the ``Back'' item or left-arrow from your browser's control bar, or the left cursor-control arrow on your keyboard in some text-only browsers.

This collection of user aids is ordinarily consulted through the Xmosaic reader for World Wide Web documents, running under the X Windows System at math.ufl.edu.

Some of our menu items may require readers for PostScript or TeX DVI files. On the math.ufl.edu workstations and X-terminals these documents will pop up in new windows if you are using Xmosaic or Netscape as your Web reader. With other computers or Web readers you might be unable to display some of our documents.


Introductory documentation

Computer Laboratory

The Mathematics Department Computer Laboratory is located in 425 Little Hall; the telephone number there is 392-0281, extension 298.

Check the schedules below for lab hours and for mathematics classes which meet in the lab, or see the Web page version of those schedules. Please note: these schedules are not guaranteed to be as up to date as those available from the Main Menu of the window system on math.ufl.edu machines.

Send electronic mail concerning difficulties with the Mathematics Department Computer Laboratory, the network, and computers to consult@math.ufl.edu.

Info pages

We have a lot of information available in the form of Emacs Info pages, which may be consulted through the Emacs editor with the command C-h i (read this as `Control-h i'), which brings up the main info menu. Web readers can consult our Info pages through the gateway listed below.

Manual pages

The Unix manual pages can be consulted from any shell or shell window by typing "man topic", where topic is the title of the manual page you wish to consult. The "-k" flag to the man command is useful for keyword matching in the permuted index for online manual pages, as in man -k sort, which will return every index line which matches the string "sort".

Under the X Window System you can also consult the manual pages with the xman reader -- see the "Documentation" item on the main menu (the menu which appears when you hold the righthand mouse button down while the mouse pointer is on the desktop background).

If you use the Emacs editor then you might prefer to consult manual pages within Emacs, using the command M-x man (after you touch the return key you will be prompted for a topic). Emacs makes searching and moving back and forth within a manual page particularly easy.

Problem reports

Send electronic mail concerning difficulties with the Mathematics Department network and computers to consult@math.ufl.edu.

The menu item below will open a form you can use for problem reports.

Collected Tips of the Week

The aggregate wisdom of our not-very-periodic advice column is now organized in a Web-friendly format.


Matlab

Maple

The following documents on Maple were written by Michael Monagan and others at the ETH, Zurich, and are found at the Maple archive in Waterloo, Ontario. Both were prepared in LaTeX and may require some nonstandard fonts.

GAP

This is the standard documentation on the GAP package for group theory (Lehrstuhl D fur Mathematik, RWTH Aachen, Germany). See also documentation and examples for optional packages in the main GAP directories. The local copy of the manual is provided below as a large DVI file of at least three megabytes. The Aachen version of the manual is formatted in HTML and may be more convenient to use, but is not a local resource.

Magma

The manual referenced below is the HTML version of the manual distributed this package for computations with groups, rings, fields, vector spaces, and other algebraic structures.

Local users may also wish to consult examples and other documentation found in the main Magma directories under /depot/magma.


TeX

The Info Pages menu item below includes a number of resources on TeX and related programs. The other items are release notes or other documents concerning TeX and its most important macro packages.

Tex and its macro packages

TeX Utilities

TeX documentation on the World Wide Web

The University of Pennsylvania has a nice TeX page.

O'Reilly and Associates offers some evolving resources on TeX and fonts at jasper.ora.com.

A guide to TeX archives and resources on the Web


WWW and HTML

If you want to offer documents to the World Wide Web then you probably want to learn a bit about HTML, the hypertext markup language. This is a high-level text formatting system, in the sense that formatting instructions concern document structure more than document appearance: TeX users will find it more like LaTeX than like Plain TeX, at least in philosophical terms. (TeX users will also be frustrated at the limitations of HTML, which were the result of deliberate design choices. HTML is a nearly minimal markup language, intended for portability rather than capability.)

You might want to begin by consulting a substantial list of Frequently Asked Questions on the World Wide Web or the Electronic Frontier Foundation's guide to the Net.

Subsections below consider (1) HTML, (2) providing mathematical documents over the Web, and (3) publishing issues.

HTML

These are some of the many discussions of HTML and related issues.

Hints and Kinks: You can fiddle with HTML documents and preview them without making them available on the Web: just open your file with one of our Web browsers (example - xmosaic myfile.html) and select the ``Reload'' item from the menu bar after you make changes to your file. It pays to preview a document on as many browsers as possible (at least three are available at math.ufl.edu and another, completely different web browser is used at the Science Library) before you go public.

Mathematical Documents and the World Wide Web

You may find a lot of promises about future support for mathematics in some of the documentation accessible through the menu above. The future seems to be a long way off in this instance, and we may never have an easy time providing paper and Web versions of mathematical documents from a single form of source code.

Some of the options considered below have been tried at math.ufl.edu but have not gone past experimentation here. Many of them require the user of a document you provide to have an extra viewer and support material in addition to a Web browser.

The situation we usually encounter is that a preprint or handout exists in the form of TeX files and we want to distribute this content via the Web. Your options for distribution formats include those described below.

TeX
You can provide users with your TeX source files if you think those are sufficiently readable or if you believe they will be able to process them. (This is not unusual with preprints intended to be read by fellow-researchers.)
Linking Your File. Just put a copy of the file in your public_html subdirectory, or in a subdirectory of public_html, and link to it by name. For example, the HTML fragment <A HREF="http://www.math.ufl.edu/~myname/mypaper.tex"> My Magnum Opus </A> would set up a link in an HTML document to the file ~myname/public_html/mypaper.tex. (Recall that ~myname is shorthand for the home directory of the user whose login is ``myname''.) (You may also want to investigate the Unix ``ln'' command if you prefer to keep the master copy of your file in another directory.)
Hints and Comments. Many of the Internet preprint servers in mathematics and physics, such as the algebraic geometry and high-energy physics archives, encourage the exchange of TeX source files since they are compact and portable. You should try to avoid nonstandard fonts and styles, and be clear in your file about the dialects of TeX and macro packages your document requires.
DVI
TeX's intermediate output format, the device-independent file (DVI), is read by TeX previewers and programs like dvips. These files are usually distinguished by filenames of the form filename.dvi. At math.ufl.edu we have set up most of our Web readers so that DVI files encountered on the Web are displayed in xdvi, the X Windows DVI previewer. Many mathematics or physics departments should be able to handle DVI files without much trouble, although users may need to download files and start a separate viewer.
PostScript
Most of our printers use the PostScript page description language and the step in printing a TeX document which involves the dvips program may be familiar to you.
Producing a PostScript file. After your TeX document is debugged and you have a DVI file (such as myfile.dvi), invoke dvips with a flag to produce a file rather than sending output to the printer: dvips -o myfile.ps myfile. (You almost certainly want to use ``ps'' as the filename suffix.) Copy or move this PS file to your public_html directory or one of its subdirectories, and now you can refer to this PostScript file by a link in any HTML document of the form <A HREF="http://www.math.ufl.edu/~myname/myfile.ps"> Another Masterpiece </A>.
PDF
Adobe, the company which devised the PostScript page description language, has promulgated a variation on PostScript known as the Portable Document Format (PDF). Documents in this format usually have the filename suffix ``pdf''. (PDF documents are more highly structured than PostScript documents, which may actually be general purpose programs to execute on a PostScript interpreter.)
Viewing PDF Files. Free readers for PDF files are available for personal use as Adobe Acrobat or Ghostscript. UF Math Department workstations and many of UF's library Web stations already have PDF viewers installed so that a downloaded document with the pdf filename suffix will automatically be displayed by these viewers.
Producing PDF Files. Starting with a TeX source file, process it with tex to produce a DVI file, run dvips -o filename.ps filename on the DVI file to produce a PostScript file, and finally execute the command ps2pdf filename.ps filename.pdf to generate a PDF file. Copy or move this PDF file to your public_html directory or one of its subdirectories, and now you can refer to this PostScript file by a link in any HTML document of the form <A HREF="http://www.math.ufl.edu/~myname/filename.pdf"> Latest Results</A> .
HyperTeX
A hypertext version of the xdvi previewer exists and is accompanied with TeX macros which allow one to write TeX documents incorporating both internal links (cross-references) and links to other materials on the Web. We have experimented with this at math.ufl.edu and may want to do more with it eventually, but it does not seem to be a general purpose solution for providing mathematical material to our classes. See the HyperTeX page at LANL for more information.
Caveat Scriptor
Beware of a few things about the processes and files described above. DVI, PS, and PDF files are not universally readable and they tend to be large, with PDF > PS > DVI in size (often by a factor of two or more at each conversion stage). You may need to prepare a document in a larger or blacker type for screen use than you like for printing, nonstandard fonts may cause problems, and PostScript or PDF previewers are likely to produce more readable output if you prepare your TeX document using PostScript text fonts in place of TeX's standard Computer Modern fonts.
Test Before Breakage. If you distribute material for a class or other purpose in one of these formats then you should test the mechanism, including Web readers available to your audience, before you place undue faith in technology. If you want to enrich your documents with elaborate graphics, animated GIF files, or applets then you should be particularly careful that material required for assignments or other purposes is readable outside the Department.
In particular, basic course material should be readable on the widest possible selection of Web readers, including text-only readers. Stick to the basics for syllabi and the like - reserve nonstandard constructions in HTML and eye-popping graphic features for gee-whiz pages.
latex2html
This is a translator from LaTeX into HTML. At math.ufl.edu you currently need to invoke this package with the command /depot/www/latex2html/latex2html, since we view it as experimental and have not installed this package on the default paths. (This tool is a memory hog and might not always run successfully, depending on system loads. It also seems to lag behind LaTeX versions - difficulties with LaTeX2e files may limit its utility.)
Displaying limited amounts of mathematics
Some of us have tried a suggestion from Edward Nelson of Princeton University to render bitmaps of small amounts of mathematical copy in several stages: begin with a TeX source file, TeX it and produce a PostScript file, and then use the PPM tools to crop this image and to convert it to a GIF file. These bitmaps may provide displayed mathematical copy within an HTML document using a directive such as <img src="equation-1.gif">. The conversion process can be done by hand or with a driving script (follow the link above).

Publishing Issues

Remember that documents offered on the World Wide Web are accessible to a large and growing audience and that these documents are treated as publications for many purposes.

Therefore:
Please do not violate copyrights (for example, if you borrow text or graphical material from another source, look for copyright warnings and if you find such warnings do not use these items except perhaps through links).
Please do not write things for the Web which you do not want the whole world to read and ascribe to you.
Please do proofread and check your documents.

Some journals believe that papers made available in preprint form on the World Wide Web have been published, and therefore refuse to consider such submissions for print publication. You may wish to investigate the policies of journals to which you intend to submit before you distribute preprints on the Web.

You may also wish to assert your own copyright in some of the documents you provide on the Web, perhaps by including a notice in a comment as well as a notice in the text rendered visibly. Whether or not you claim copyright, author and users will both benefit if you date your documents clearly.

We would like to add links to some good material on copyright in the menu below. If you have suggestions, please mail them to cws@math.ufl.edu.


Utilities

These are a few of the tools we use frequently. See manual pages, info pages, and files in the directory /depot/documentation for information on other useful packages.

Programming

FAQ lists

Lists of Frequently Asked Questions are maintained by the Usenet community for a large number of topics. Most of these pass through the newsgroup news.answers.

Usenet

If you are curious about Usenet, newsgroups, and the like, try the resources below. You should be sure to read the postings in the news.announce.newusers newsgroup before you post for the first time.
This page was drafted by C. Stark (cws@math.ufl.edu). Send comments to him or to www@math.ufl.edu.